While on the run in England he hid in an oak tree (at Boscobel House, Shropshire) to evade capture – celebrated in 1660 poem The Royal Oak and a popular name for pubs in 1815 Napoleon Bonaparte arrived on St Helena, a remote island in the mid-Atlantic, to start his exile, and died there on in 1817 Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, the Swiss explorer who became the first modern European to visit the ancient city of Petra (now in Jordan) on August 22, 1812, died in Cairo, Egypt, aged 32. In 1651 Charles II left England in secret for France after his defeat by Oliver Cromwell at Worcester, the last significant English Civil War battle. Rommel took the cyanide capsule option, with his wife and son’s safety being assured. A bomb partially collapsed a tunnel and the water mains and sewers above it, flooding the platforms in 1944 Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was ordered to commit suicide or face a public trial for treason, after being implicated in a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler during the Second World War. In 1933 Germany announced its intention to withdraw from the League of Nations, which became effective on October 23, and the Geneva disarmament conference, which collapsed a year later in 1939 battleship HMS Royal Oak was sunk, with the loss of more than 800 lives, by German submarine U-47 in Scapa Flow, Orkney, Scotland in 1940 68 people were killed during the Blitz at Balham underground station in south London.
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